2/24/2024 0 Comments Piv plugin imagej![]() These types of clusters have not been rigorously defined. ![]() Self-propelled bacteria often show complicated collective behaviors, such as the formation of dense moving clusters, which is exemplified by “wandering” (comet-like) and “rotating” colonies as described by Henriksen. These results have been simulated numerically. For example, pioneering studies on the morphology of Bacillus subtilis colonies demonstrated that colony morphology depends on the solidity and nutrient concentrations of the media. A simplified model is able to reproduce some features of the observed migrating clusters.īacterial colonies are formed through biological self-organization. Conclusionīased on these observations, we propose that Pseudanabaena forms scattered migrating colonies that undergo a series of transitions involving several morphological patterns. ![]() Using a mathematical modeling with simplified assumption we reproduced some features of the scattered pattern including migrating clusters. Disk-like rotating clusters may rotate for days, and the speed of cells within a rotating cluster increases from the center to the outmost part of the cluster. When the wandering clusters entered into a circular orbit, they turned into rotating clusters, maintaining a more stable location. The direction and velocity of the movement of cells in comet-like wandering clusters were highly coordinated. As cells increased and bundles aggregated, comet-like wandering clusters developed. Collisions between filaments occurred without crossing paths, which enhanced their nematic alignments, giving rise to bundle-like colonies. Quantitative analysis of the formation of these wandering and rotating clusters showed that bacterial filaments tend to follow trajectories of previously migrating filaments at velocities that are dependent on filament length. We studied the morphology of Pseudanabaena migrating collectively and found that this species forms randomly scattered clusters varying in size and further consists of a mixture of comet-like wandering clusters and disk-like rotating clusters. ![]() While the scattered colony pattern has been observed in some bacterial species, the mechanism underlying such a pattern still remains obscure. NIES-4403 ( Pseudanabaena, hereafter), that forms scattered (discrete) migrating colonies on solid media. We isolated the filamentous cyanobacterium, Pseudanabaena sp. Bacteria have been reported to exhibit complicated morphological colony patterns on solid media, depending on intracellular, and extracellular factors such as motility, cell propagation, and cell-cell interaction. ![]()
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